1. Origins Kingdom Plantae
Some evidence suggests that there has been a algae on land 1.2 billion years ago. Plantae has existed since the since the Ordovician period (450 million years ago), but not in the form of plants as now until the Silurian period (420 million years ago). Approaching the Devonian period, about 360 million years ago, there are various varieties of plants both in terms of shape and size. Then came the flowering plants in the Triassic period (200 million years ago). Grasses emerged in the mid-Tertiary period (40 million years ago).
2. Development of Understanding Kingdom Plantae
At first, all organisms are divided into two, namely the plant and animal kingdom. Aristotle (384 BC - 322 BC) gives the sense that the plant is an organism that does not move, while the animal moves to seek makanan.Kemudian Linnaeus (1707-1778) made the modern classification system that divides the two entire organisms into kingdoms vegetabilia (later called Plantae) and animalia.
Then, fungi (mushrooms) and several groups of algae removed from the kingdom Plantae. Although they are similar to plants, but they do not have some characteristic plants. Do not have chlorophyll, for example.
3. Restrictions Kingdom Plantae
Beyond the formal context, the word "plant" refers to organisms that have certain characteristics such as multicellular, produces cellulose, and able to perform photosynthesis.
Many of the criticisms that arise due to fungi belonging to the kingdom Plantae. Because fungi get food from the remnants of organic materials, rather than through the process of photosynthesis. In addition, the cell walls of fungi is not composed of the same material to the plant and it is more like animals. Finally, the fungi were separated from the plant and make its own kingdom, namely the kingdom of fungi.
Most algae are also separated from the kingdom Plantae have no chlorophyll. Plants in the narrow sense is regarded as a descendant of green algae.
4. Characteristics Kingdom Plantae
Here is a list of traits kingdom Plantae. The characteristics that distinguish this Plantae kingdom to kingdom fungi and some types of algae.
Multicellular (having many cells)
There are cell walls made of cellulose
Eukaryotic
Obtain food by photosynthesis assisted by sunlight
reproduce sexually (pistil and stamens) or asexual (grafting, budding, cuttings, etc.)
Live on land or water
Autrotrof (can make their own food)
In addition, Plantae organs and organ systems. Leaves to collect sunlight that is used to make glucose. Have to strengthen the roots of plants and absorb water. Sexual reproduction is a flower.
5. Distribution of Kingdom Plantae
Kingdom Plantae is divided into three divisions, namely Bryophyta (mosses), pterydophyta (spikes), and the division Spermatophyta (seed plants).
5.1. Bryophyta
Moss included in this division. Bryophyta not have a true internal organs such as stems, leaves or roots. They have a small rhizoid which makes them able to stick in the ground. They grow in the shade and moist, like in the rain forest. Experiencing metagenesis.
5.2. Pteridophyta
Nails included in this division. Pteridophyta has had kormus or network carrier and has had a real organ. They reproduce asexually by spores. Ferns can live on land, especially tropical rain forest areas. However, there are several types of nails that live floating in the water. As with Bryophyta, pteridophyta also experienced metagenesis.
5.3. Spermatophyta
Spermatophyta is a division that has a characteristic that is seeded. Seed is the embryo of a new individual and is the result of fertilization of the pistil and stamens in the flower. There are two subdivisions namely the gymnosperms (seed in the open) and angiosperms (seeded closed). Seed plants are in the ground and some are in the water (eg lotus).
6. Benefits Kingdom Plantae
The study of plants is called botany. Focuses on the modern botanical diversity of food. This is because the number of people growing food while the less. Therefore, cultivation is needed. The plant is divided into agro-economic agriculture, horticulture, and forestry.
6.1. Food
Most human nutrients derived from plants. Mostly derived from cereals such as rice, corn, and wheat. In addition, the food is also derived from tubers such as potatoes and cassava. Humans also eat vegetables, spices, and some types of fruits, nuts, herbs, and several kinds of flowers.
There are several types of beverages produced from plants such as coffee, tea, wine, beer and alcoholic beverages. Sugar itself mostly derived from sugar cane and honey are essentially derived from flowers.
Cooking oils and fats derived from corn, soybeans, palm oil, sunflower, olive. Flavorings such as monosodium glutamate derived from sugar cane.
Livestock for meat to be used as food are all herbivores that eat mostly grass or green foliage.
6.2. Non-Food Products
Wood is used as raw material for building, furniture, paper, playing cards, musical instruments, and sports equipment. Clothing made from cotton or synthetic fibers made from cellulose. There is also a fuel derived from plants, namely firewood and oil biofuel. Petroleum and coal are fossil fuels derived from plants. Many medical drugs are made from plants. Herbal medicines and food supplements mostly derived from plants. Pesticides derived from plants. As well as a lot of products derived from plants such as rubber, soaps, paints, tannin, wax, shampoo, perfume, cosmetics, oils, plastics, inks, chewing gum, and many more.
6.3. Aesthetic Function
The main element of the park is mainly ornamental plants and grasses. The function of which is to beautify the garden courtyard or the environment. Plants can also be used as a venue for artistic creations such as bonsai. Various types of flowers are very beautiful and some of them used as a cut flower, very costly. Botanical tour became one of the popular tourist because it promises a calm and green. Many works of art such as relief and batik inspired from plants.
6.4. Negative Impact
Some species are poisonous, painful because there are thorns, even deadly to animals and humans. Plants that may fly its pollen can trigger allergies for some people who are sensitive. There are some plants that cause irritation or itching of the skin if touched. There are also herbs that have psychotropic substances such as tobacco, marijuana, cocaine, and opium. Smoking can damage your health can even cause death, while some types of drugs have harmful effects for humans. Some countries even prohibit some types of drugs except if only for medical purposes.
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