Given the importance of biodiversity for the lives of biodiversity need to be studied and preserved. The high level of biodiversity on the earth's surface to encourage scientists are looking for the best way to learn, by classification. Biodiversity covers various differences or variations in form, appearance, number, and the traits are visible at various levels, both the level of genes, species level and the ecosystem level. Based on this, the experts distinguish biodiversity into three levels, namely the diversity of genes, species diversity and ecosystem diversity.
1. Gene diversity
Or plasma nuftah gene is a chemical substance that determines the nature of heredity contained in the chromosomal locus. Every individual living beings have a chromosome that is composed of threads of hereditary descent contained in the cell nucleus. So that all the organisms that exist on this earth has a basic framework components declined same nature. The basic framework is composed of thousands to millions of decreasing factors that regulate the procedure of inheritance organisms. Although the basic framework of the whole organism the same genes, but the composition or arrangement, and the number of factors within the framework may vary. Differences in the number and arrangement of these factors will cause the gene diversity.
In addition, each individual has many genes, in the event of a marriage or a cross between the individuals of different character will produce offspring that more and more variations. Because when the cross will occur merging individual genes through sex cells. This is what causes the higher diversity of genes. Examples of these genes is the level of diversity of plant white roses with red roses which have differences, which differ in terms of flower color. In the process, the determining factor is not only found in genes alone, but there are also other factors that play a role influencing this biodiversity, the environment. Trait that appears on each individual is an interaction between genes and environment. Two individuals have the structure and sequence of the same gene, do not necessarily have the same shape as well as environmental factors affecting the appearance (phenotype) or form. For example, people living in mountainous areas with people living in coastal areas have differences in terms of the number eritrositnya. The number of erythrocytes people living in the mountainous regions more than those who live on the coast due to adaptation to the oxygen content in the environment. In mountainous areas lower than the oxygen content in the beach area. So phenotype cheek mountains generally more reddish than the beach.
2. Diversity of species
Species or types have a sense, individuals who have common morphological, anatomical, physiological and able to interbreed with one another (inter hybridization) that produce fertile offspring (fertile) to continue his generation. Diversity of shows throughout the variations found in living things among species. Differences between species of organisms in the family more conspicuous so more easily observed than differences between individuals within a species.
In the legume family we know peanuts, beans, green beans, peas, and others. Among the types of nuts we can easily distinguish because among them are found the same characteristics. However, the size of the body or trunk, habits, forms of fruits and seeds, as well as different tastes. Other examples of visible diversity of the coconut trees, nut trees and also on the palm tree.
3. Ecosystem diversity
An ecosystem can be defined as a relationship or mutual interaction between living things with each other living beings and also between the living and the environment. Every living thing will only grow and develop in an appropriate environment. At an environment not only inhabited by a species of living beings, but also to be inhabited by a species other appropriate. Consequently, in an environment there will be a variety of different types of living creatures that coexist peacefully. They seem to blend with the environment. In a suitable environment here every living creature will be shaped by the environment. Instead, the creature formed by the environment will shape the environment. So, between the living and the environment will occur dynamic interaction.
Differences condition abiotic components (not live) in an area causes lifeforms (biotic) that can adapt to the different environments. As a result, the earth's surface with variations in conditions of high abiotic components that will generate ecosystem diversity. There are ecosystems of tropical rain forests, deciduous forests, grasslands, tundra, desert, fields, fields, freshwater, brackish water, sea, and others. Biotic and abiotic components in various regions vary in both the quality and quantity of these components. This is what causes the formation of diverse ecosystems on earth. Coexistence between the components of the ecosystem without disturbing each other, and in case of extinction or disturbance to one of its members it will interfere with the survival of other organisms. A change in the components of this ecosystem will affect the equilibrium (homeostasis) these ecosystems.
As a system, in every ecosystem will happen interrelated processes. For example, taking food, energy transfer or energetics, recycling substances or materials, and productivity or the result of the entire ecosystem. Examples of biodiversity ecosystem level is the palm tree grows in many coastal areas, palm trees grow in the mountains, while the palm trees and nut grows well in low-lying areas.
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